ISRO's policy allows ground stations from other countries to have direct access to the Indian satellite imagery. Note: The availability of Landsat imagery created a lot of interest in the science community. The spacecraft is three-axis stabilized using conically scanning Earth sensors and dynamically tuned gyros for attitude sensing, and reaction wheels, magnetic torquers and monopropellent hydrazine thrusters as actuators. A LISS-I scene is 148 km x 174 km. S/C mass = 870 kg, solar power = 510 W, two 21 Ah NiCd batteries. Jan. 2007 Cartosat-2: ISRO (Indien) (Indian Remote Sensing Satellite IRS-2A) 11. MEOSS is a DLR (Germany) experimental sensor with pushbroom CCD technology. With Fibre Optic IRS, copper cables are replaced with new fibre optic cabling, which has numerous advantages. This solution means that the landlord installing IRS does not have to favor any one particular supplier of TV programming. Following the successful demonstration flights of Bhaskara-1 and Bhaskara-2 - experimental Earth observation satellites developed and built by ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) - and launched in 1979 and 1981, respectively, India began the development of an Nominal orbit: Sun-synchronous polar orbit with equatorial crossing at 10:30 AM on descending node, altitude = 904 km, period = 103 min, repeat cycle = 22 days. The third was to use the data obtained for various applications on the ground.India demonstrated the ability of remote sensing for societal application by detecting coconut root-wilt disease from a helicopter mounted multispectral camera in 1970. Application: Land use, agriculture, forestry, hydrology, soil classification, coastal wetland mapping, natural resources (in particular pinpointing likely groundwater locations), disaster monitoring, cartography, etc. LISS-II had two separate imaging sensors, LISS-II A and LISS-II B, with spatial resolution of 36.25 meters each and mounted on the spacecraft in such a way to provide a composite swath of 146.98 km on ground. IRS-1A data products are being acquired, processed and disseminated by NRSA (National Remote Sensing Agency) Data Center, Hyderabad. LISS-I employs four 2048-element linear CCD detector arrays with spectral filters (Fairchild CCD 143A). The later versions are named based on their area of application including OceanSat, CartoSat, ResourceSat. The ground resolution is 32 m (cross-track) x 37 m (along-track). IRS (Integrated Reception System) requires a TV, FM and DAB aerial and a satellite dish. The IRS-1E spacecraft is a modified IRS-1A engineering model. The combined swath is 131 km. Fibre can transport more information over greater distances, it’s lighter, … The MEOSS concept had already been demonstrated on an airborne platform of DLR in 1986 and in 1989. IRS-1C/1D data has been used for cartographic and town planning applications. The IRS-P2 spacecraft continued in operations until September 1997. Orbit: Sun-synchronous circular orbit with an equatorial crossing at 10:30 AM descending node, altitude = 817 km, inclination = 98.7 Indian Remote Sensing Programme completed its 25 years of successful operations on March 17, 2013. Orbit: sun-synchronous orbit, nominal altitude = 904 km, inclination = 99.049º However, SROSS-2 experienced also a launcher failure. The IRS system is the largest constellation of remote sensing satellites for civilian use in operation today in the world, with 11 operational satellites. These tools quickly enabled India to map, monitor and manage its natural resources at various spatial resolutions. Downlink broadcast of R/T science data in X-band (8.316 GHz, PCM/QPSK/PM modulation, data rate = 2 x 10.4 Mbit/s) to a dedicated ground station network and to a general user community.

Eventually, a continuous supply of synoptic, repetitive, multispectral data of the Earth's land surfaces was obtained (similar to the US Landsat program). • Subsequently, the second generation remote sensing satellites IRS-1C and -1D with improved spatial resolutions have been developed and successfully launched in 1995 and 1997, respectively. Orbit: Polar sun-synchronous orbit; altitude = 904 km, inclination = 99.49 IRS-1A carries two cameras, LISS-I and LISS-II with resolutions of 73 metres and 36.25 metres respectively with a swath width of about 140 km during each pass over the country. This was followed by flying two experimental satellites, Bhaskara-1 in 1979 and Bhaskara-2 in 1981. 2006 Feng Yun-2D: China 10. The refractive optics were chosen to obtain a large FOV (Field of View). Okt. The LISS-II A/B assembly features eight 2048-element linear CCD detector arrays with spectral filters (2 parallel swaths of 74 km each for the LISS-II A/B assembly with 3 km overlap, the total swath is 145 km).

All these are placed in polar Sun-synchronous orbit and provide data in a variety of spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions. The instrument employs pushbroom scanning and a linear CCD line detector array with 4 spectral bands in VNIR (0.45-0.52 µm, 0.52-0.59 µm, 0.62-0.68 µm, 0.77-0.86 µm. The overall objectives of the IRS-P6 mission (ResourceSat-1) are to provide continued remote sensing data services on an operational basis for integrated land and water resources management. The Hyderabad ground station started receiving Landsat data on a regular basis in 1978.

The IRSO S/C control center is in Bangalore. The choice is left to the resident. The LISS-IIM instruments (there are two just as LISS-II A/B) are realized with a single optical feed utilizing the full ±5º FOV (there are 4 lenses in one optical head). The attitude control system of IRS-P2 provides multipurpose functions by pointing for remote sensing, and inertial pointing for the X-ray observations. The instrument mass is 80.8 kg (x 2), the instrument power is 34 W (x 2).