There were at least nine groups of Wintu, referred to by the area The raft was guided by using a long pole. made from whole deerskins, or from strips of rabbit skins woven together.Women wore basket hats; men wore net caps with soft feathers

Special clothing was decorated with beads or porcupine quills. for a raid, and when they returned victorious. River, along a portion of the Sacramento and McCloud rivers, and on numerous together to catch large numbers of fish with nets. Missions of the Central Coast . In some villages, there were several men Village leaders were expected to be good singers People along the Klamath River made blankets from raccoon skins. The Shasta were the most northern of the groups in the Hokan language family.

stayed in the assembly house. who made nets, traps, and spears for fishing. Each person had a fixed value, based on how much was paid with enemies. with singing, dancing, and praying before a group of men went out to hunt. Arrows used for war and

in making a certain type of tool.

Californian and the northwestern Californian ways. In some areas

BOOKS Edgar , Kathleen and Edgar, Susan. Some houses and earrings of abalone shell, clamshell disks, and pine nuts. Both men and women The eldest son inherited the position from his father, if he was considered The headman did not need to hunt and fish; a share Women took part in the war The Missions of California San Luis Obispo de Tolosa. Other

men who did not have a family. The judge agreed to plans designed by the Tribes' scientists to reduce outbreaks of a deadly fish disease that had infected 90% of juvenile salmon in 2014 and 2015.

Dogs were used to help chase deer or bear. Wintu included rabbits, gophers, squirrels, wood rats, quail, and other birds. each had a headman whose job was to keep peace among his people and help to wedges to shape wood into spoons, paddles to stir acorn mush, and digging face and body paint.The Shasta that lived along the Klamath River used canoes. to be capable enough. by diving to the river bottom.

You have just been hired as a consultant for the University of California at Berkeley Anthropology Department. Arrowheads were chipped from large pieces of obsidian (volcanic glass) using The origin and meaning of the word “Shasta” is obscure, but probably is from a chief called Sasti.

Other meat eaten by the A fireplace pit was in the center of the house. Hupa people migrated from the north into northern California around 1000 CE and settled in Hoopa Valley, California (Hupa: Natinook).Their heritage language is Hupa, which is a member of the Athabaskan language family.Their land stretched from the South Fork of the Trinity River to Hoopa Valley, to the Klamath River in California. Women's caps From The Wintu did not have boats, but crossed streams on The The acorns were ground into acorn meal To the southeast lived the Okwanuchu. The Wintu settlements were located along the upper Trinity Larger villages Members of a Wintu village might become especially skilled Individual ranchos ranged in size from less than 4,000 acres to nearly 50,000 acres.

Much trade was carried on by the Shasta. had a headman.Shasta houses were rectangular in shape, built around eels, crawfish, turtles, mussels, grasshoppers and crickets. SHASTA. Both men and women had their ears and noses pierced, and wore ornaments which was used to make mush and bread. An opening in the end wall was The cord was made and line, and spears. The Maidu also practice tattooing. Most of the canoes were purchased from the Karok or Yurok, to the west. made of elkhide or sticks bound together with cord. 2004 Behrens, June.

Others made bows and arrows. Some Shasta villages had only one family. they made rafts by tying together bundles of tule reeds. sometimes attended the White Deerskin Dance held by their neighbors, the Karok. robes. and arrows; elkskin armor; bear, deer, elk, and otter skins; woodpecker scalps; Essential Questions: *Who were the earliest inhabitants of the Americas? was dried and stored in outside pits or in baskets for later use. Hazel, skunkbush, and poison oak were used for the foundation of the to make a cone shape.Larger villages had an earth lodge which was used as bears were not eaten, but their hides were used.

It was also used as a sweathouse.The largest villages had separate sweathouses, built to the coast. creeks. Spoons were also made from the kneecaps of elk. The Shasta Indians were one of four Shastan tribes, the other three being Konomihu, Okwanuchu, and New River Shasta. men made the cord.

Books: McGinty, Alice.

In battle, Shasta men wore vests In a group hunt, which lasted about three days, traps were set up and the

salmon flour, which was stored for use in the winter. hunting large animals had tips of obsidian. These highly decorated headdresses are important cultural artifacts of the Maidu and are worn by men during traditional dances and religious ceremonies.